New York State Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Exam

For a patient experiencing acute shortness of breath and facial swelling, what is the most important treatment after administering oxygen?

1. Albuterol

2. Epinephrine

3. An antihistamine

4. A beta-antagonist

The correct answer is: Epinephrine

In a situation where a patient presents with acute shortness of breath and facial swelling, the most critical step following the administration of oxygen is to administer epinephrine. This scenario often suggests an allergic reaction, potentially an anaphylactic reaction, which can lead to airway compromise, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular instability. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it works by causing vasoconstriction, increasing heart rate, and dilating the bronchi, which helps to alleviate swelling and improve airflow. The rapid action of epinephrine is crucial in reversing the severe symptoms associated with anaphylaxis, especially when facial swelling indicates possible airway involvement. The other treatment options, while they may have their uses in respiratory distress, are not as immediately life-saving in this context. For example, albuterol is used for bronchospasm but is not effective for treating the underlying allergic reaction. Antihistamines can provide some relief from allergic symptoms but do not address the urgent need for airway and circulatory support. Beta-antagonists also do not play a critical role in this acute scenario and may worsen bronchospasm. Hence, the administration of epinephrine is the most appropriate immediate response after ensuring adequate oxygenation.