New York State Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Exam

If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to stop severe bleeding from an extremity, what should you apply next?

1. Additional sterile dressings

2. A splint and elevate the extremity

3. A tourniquet proximal to the injury

4. Digital pressure to a proximal artery

The correct answer is: A tourniquet proximal to the injury

When direct pressure with a sterile dressing does not stop severe bleeding from an extremity, the application of a tourniquet proximal to the injury is the appropriate next step. A tourniquet is designed to constrict blood flow to the affected area, preventing further blood loss and mitigating the risk of shock and life-threatening conditions. In circumstances where traditional methods fail, utilizing a tourniquet can be vital for controlling severe hemorrhage and potentially saving the patient's life. A tourniquet must always be applied above the level of the injury, closer to the trunk of the body, to effectively compress the artery and cease blood flow to the extremity. It is important to note that tourniquets should be used judiciously and only when other methods, such as direct pressure, have not yielded results. Proper technique in applying the tourniquet is crucial, as it can lead to complications if used improperly, but it is often the necessary intervention in life-threatening bleeding scenarios. Further details about the other options highlight why they may not be as effective in this scenario. Applying additional sterile dressings may absorb some blood but will not effectively address the underlying issue of severe arterial bleeding. Elevating the extremity can help reduce venous bleeding but is insufficient for major