New York State Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Exam

In a patient with a suspected pneumothorax, which assessment finding would be most concerning?

1. Shortness of breath

2. Decreased breath sounds on the affected side

3. Subcutaneous emphysema

4. Increased respiratory rate

The correct answer is: Decreased breath sounds on the affected side

Decreased breath sounds on the affected side is particularly concerning in a patient with a suspected pneumothorax because it indicates a significant impairment in ventilation in that area of the lung. When air enters the pleural space, it can collapse the lung on the affected side, leading to diminished or absent breath sounds when auscultating. This finding suggests that the lung may not be adequately expanding and that there is a serious risk of respiratory distress or failure. While shortness of breath, subcutaneous emphysema, and increased respiratory rate are important signs to assess, they may not provide as immediate and specific a warning about the severity of the pneumothorax. Shortness of breath can occur in various conditions, increased respiratory rate may reflect the body's compensatory mechanisms in response to hypoxia, and subcutaneous emphysema, while concerning, could result from several causes. Therefore, the decreased breath sounds are of paramount concern, indicating a potentially life-threatening situation that requires immediate intervention.