New York State Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Exam

In an unwitnessed water-related incident, what condition should an EMT assume?

1. Air embolism

2. Alcohol intoxication

3. Possible spinal injury

4. Cold water immersion

The correct answer is: Possible spinal injury

In an unwitnessed water-related incident, the assumption of a possible spinal injury is based on the potential mechanisms of injury that can occur in such settings. For instance, when a person enters the water or dives in, particularly in unfamiliar environments, they may experience traumatic events such as striking a submerged object, resulting in a spinal injury. Assuming a spinal injury is critical for the safety and care of the patient. Any movement without proper precautions could exacerbate an existing spinal injury, leading to further disability or complications. This precaution aligns with established protocols for handling suspected spinal injuries, emphasizing the importance of immobilization and careful transportation to medical facilities. While other conditions like air embolism or cold water immersion are relevant in certain contexts, they are not the primary assumptions in unwitnessed incidents, especially when a mechanistic injury to the spine carries significant risk. Alcohol intoxication may also be a factor but does not relate directly to the immediate care protocols stemming from trauma in water-related incidents. Thus, the recognition of a possible spinal injury remains a priority in these situations.