New York State Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Exam

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What is a common consequence of severe atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries?

Increased heart rate
Decreased oxygenation of heart muscle
Blood clots within the left atrium
Increased stroke volume

The correct answer is: Decreased oxygenation of heart muscle

Severe atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries commonly leads to decreased oxygenation of the heart muscle. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of plaques made up of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the arterial walls. This buildup narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow. When the blood flow is impaired, the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, which can result in ischemia. Ischemia may lead to angina (chest pain) or, in more severe cases, myocardial infarction (heart attack). This decrease in oxygenation is critical because the heart muscle relies on a consistent supply of oxygen to function effectively and sustain life. While other options mention different aspects of heart function, they do not directly address the primary physiological impact of atherosclerosis on the coronary arteries.