New York State Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Exam

What is the leading cause of death in the geriatric patient?

1. Hypertension

2. Altered mental status

3. Arthritis

4. Heart disease

The correct answer is: Heart disease

Heart disease is recognized as the leading cause of death in geriatric patients due to several factors. As individuals age, their cardiovascular system undergoes various changes, including increased blood pressure and arterial stiffness, which can lead to heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. The prevalence of risk factors associated with heart disease, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol, increases in the elderly population, further contributing to the significant mortality associated with cardiovascular issues. Additionally, geriatric patients often have multiple comorbidities that can complicate heart conditions, making them more vulnerable to fatal outcomes. By comparison, while hypertension, altered mental status, and arthritis are relevant health concerns in the geriatric population, they typically do not lead to death as frequently as heart disease. Hypertension is a critical risk factor for heart disease but is not a direct cause of mortality in the same way. Altered mental status can indicate a serious problem and may lead to complications, but it is not a standalone cause of death. Arthritis primarily affects quality of life and mobility, but it does not significantly contribute to mortality rates in the elderly.