New York State Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Exam

When treating a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress, what should you keep in mind?

1. Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages

2. Assisted ventilations in infants need to be forceful to inflate their lungs

3. The infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction

4. An infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction

The correct answer is: Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages

When treating a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress, it is crucial to recognize that small infants are primarily nasal breathers. Clear nasal passages are essential for effective breathing, as congestion or blockage can significantly impede airflow, leading to increased respiratory distress. Infants rely heavily on their noses for breathing, and any obstruction—be it from mucus, swelling, or other factors—can lead to hypoxia and added stress on their already compromised respiratory systems. Maintaining clear nasal passages can be achieved through gentle suctioning if necessary, and ensuring that the environment is conducive to easy breathing, such as using a humidifier or keeping the infant's head elevated to a comfortable degree. This consideration is foundational in emergency medical treatment for infants experiencing respiratory distress, as it directly addresses their anatomical and physiological needs. Other considerations around assisted ventilations, airway obstruction, and head position are relevant in emergency care for infants but are not as immediately critical as ensuring nasal patency due to the infant's reliance on nasal breathing.